Different Causes of cell injury are presented here :
1-Oxygen deprivation & causes of cell injury:
It is an important and common cause of cell injury. Actually; Hypoxia interferes with aerobic oxidation and shift the body cells to anerobic metabolism and lactic acidosis. Worth to know; The brain cells are very sensitive to the lack of oxygen and they are destroyed within 6 minutes of hypoxia.
2-Chemical agents as cause of cell injury:
Oxygen and glucose at high concentration is injurious. Too much blood glucose levels in blood causes polyphagia excessive eating or appetite and increase urine frequency and increase thrist sensation with excessive drinking of water…Too much blood glucose in diabetics can cause hyperglycemic Coma or ketoacidosis Coma. Both conditions need hospital admission and can be life threatening. In fact; Chemical poisons interfere with membrane integrity, alters enzymatic solidarity and affects osmotic homeostasis. Drugs can also cause cellular chemical injury.
3-Infections As causes of cell injury
Infectious agents (microbes) as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites are important common cause of cell injury.
4-Immunologic causes of cell injury:
Autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid arthritis & systemic lupus erythromatosis.
5- Genetic defects:
Gene defects are important cause of cell injury as in sickle cell anemia and inborn error of metabolism.
6-Nutritional imbalance cause of cell injury:
As protein caloric malnutrition, vitamin deficiency. Obesity increases the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus through the mechanism of increasing insulin resistance. Additionally; Obesity as well increases the incidence of hypertension and dyslipidemia cardiovascular diseases and some cancers like breast, ovarian and endometrial.
8- Aging
With advanced age decreases; the ability of cellular response and repair decreases after any injury increasing the probability of post-injury cell death.